Aviation Parts Processing

Requirements for machining tools for aerospace parts processing
In recent years, China's aerospace industry has made continuous progress, and good news has been continuously transmitted in the aerospace field, which has greatly promoted the rapid development of the domestic aerospace component manufacturing industry. However, with the increasing requirements for components in the aerospace industry, the difficulty of component processing continues to increase. Various new materials, technologies, and structures emerge one after another. The requirements for machining tools in Dongguan's aviation component processing are constantly increasing, which is also a challenge that manufacturers in this industry need to solve at present.
There are quite a few components that need to be used in aerospace, such as engine discs, shaft parts, turbine casings, landing gears, etc. The processing difficulty of these components is relatively high, and with the increasing number of new challenges, manufacturers should strive to be economical and efficient in order to cope with these challenges.
At present, the cutting tool materials required by the aerospace manufacturing industry can be basically divided into several categories:
1. Tool steel. Commonly used materials include high-speed steel, carbon tool steel, and alloy tool steel.
2. Hard alloy. This material is widely used in the aerospace manufacturing industry and is the leading tool.
3. Ceramics. Compared with hard alloys, ceramic materials perform better in terms of wear resistance, hardness, and thermal hardening, and the chemical properties of ceramics are also relatively problematic, with good oxidation resistance. Therefore, in the future, using ceramic materials to produce aerospace cutting tools may be the mainstream.
4. Ultra hard cutting tool materials.
When processing components, groove machining and hole machining are the difficult parts to process. The machining of engine disk components, shaft components, and gearbox components has strict requirements for machining tools. Therefore, these components require a considerable amount of high-performance hard alloy standard tools and hard alloy non-standard tools during machining.
Manufacturers should fully consider factors such as the material of the components, the shape of the components, the machining requirements of the components, the machine tool used for machining, the rigidity of the system, and the technical requirements for surface quality when selecting cutting tools in the actual machining process.
Taking the turbine casing components as an example, briefly introduce the required cutting tools and machining requirements.
1. From the perspective of material analysis of components, it is often necessary to use a large amount of materials such as deformed high-temperature alloys and cast high-temperature alloys that are difficult to process. These materials have the characteristics of low thermal conductivity, high strength, and high cutting temperature, making them prone to work hardening during processing. The wear rate of cutting tools is fast, so the service life of cutting tools is short and the consumption of cutting tools is relatively high. In order to improve the utilization efficiency of cutting tools in the future, it is necessary to choose the geometric angle of the tool reasonably.
2. From the perspective of component structure, the material wall is thin, the rigidity is poor, and the natural processing difficulty is also high. When machining the protruding parts of components, the tool system is prone to interference with the components and fixtures. Therefore, in order to reduce mutual interference, it is necessary to optimize the path of the tool, such as using insert milling instead of side milling, using empty stroke fast cutting, optimizing the position of the tool lift, and using spiral interpolation during milling.
Requirements for machining tools for aerospace components
3. From the perspective of processing procedures, the machining of the gearbox requires several steps including rough machining, semi precision machining, and precision machining. In order to save tool costs, manufacturers can use high-performance ceramic milling cutters for rough machining, and standard hard alloy cutting tools and non elevation performance special cutting tools for semi precision and precision machining. Based on actual machining experience, this can significantly improve production efficiency.
In addition, from the perspective of economic efficiency in aerospace component processing, the tool configuration scheme needs to be continuously improved and high-performance products should be used as much as possible.